Chimodzimodzi ulimi wina ulionse, ulimi wa nkhumba uli ndi ndondomeko yake yoyenera kutsatira poweta kuti mlimi apindule. Mphunzitsi wa zaulimi wa ziweto ku Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (Luanar) Jonathan Tanganyika adafotokoza zofunika kusamalitsa poweta nkhumba. ESMIE KOMWA adacheza naye motere:
Kodi ubwino wa ulimi wa nkhumba ndi wotani?
Mwa zina, nkhumba zimaswana mochuluka ndi mwachangu, zimakula msanga, matupi ake amakwanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chochepa kupanga nyama yochuluka kusiyana ndi nkhuku komanso zikhonza kusungidwa pamalo ochepa.
Nanga mitundu ya nkhumba ndi iti?
Pali zachizungu monga large white, landrace, trister ndi duroc komanso zathu zachikudazi.
Kodi khola labwino la nkhumba limayenera likhale lotani?
Khola la nkhumba limayenera likhale lolimba pansi ndi khoma lomwe chifukwa ndi nyama za mphamvu, lofolera bwino, lolowa mpweya ndi lalikulu bwino kuti zizitakasuka.
Kholali limayenera likhale ndi malo odyera ndi ogona komanso osamba chifukwa zimamva kutentha kwambiri chifukwa sizichita thukuta.
Nanga alimi angapeze kuti nkhumba za mbewu?
Awafunse alangizi a ziweto ku m’dera lawo kumene kukupezeka nkhumba zabwino za mbewu kaya awafufuzira kwa alimi anzawo zimene akuziona kuti ndi zabwino zoyenera mbewu osangotengapo zilizonse.
Alimi amene adayamba kale ulimiwu amayenera kusankhiratu nkhumba za mbewu kuchokera ku ana amene angosiya kumene kuyamwa.
Akasankha amayenera kuwadyetsera chakudya chawo chakasakaniza kuti zikhale zamphamvu bwino.
Kuti apewe kukumana paubale akuyenera kumasintha nkhumba yaimuna pogula kwina kapena kusinthanitsa kwa alimi amzawo.
Kodi nkhumba yaimuna ikhonza kukwatitsidwa ndi nkhumba zazikazi zingati?
Nkhumba yaimuna ikhonza kukwera zazikazi 15 mpaka 20.
Nanga nkhumba ikatenga bere imakhala nthawi yaitali bwanji kuti iswe?
Imatenga masiku 114 kuti iswe.
Kodi mlimi amayenera kusamalira motani ana nkhumba ikangoswa?
Mlimi aonetsetse kuti anawo ayamwe mkaka woyambirira umene umakhala ndi chitetezo chochuluka ku matenda, athandizire ana amene akukanika kuyamwa kuti nawo azipeza mkaka wokwanira komanso aziwafunditsa ngati ndi nyengo yozizira.
Mlimi akuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti anawo asamasamilidwe kapena kupondedwa ndi mayi wawo komanso awadule timano m’sabata yoyamba kapena yachiwiri.
Kudula mano kumathandiza kuti asamalume mawere akamayamwa kuopetsa kuti mayi wawo angayambe kuwakaniza kuyamwa.
Mlimi asaiwale kuti mkaka umakhala ndi mchere wa iron wochepa choncho akuyenera kupatsira anawa mcherewu sabata yoyambirira akangobadwa.
Kodi mlimi apereke mcherewu motani?
Mlimi akhonza kuika mcherewu m’madzi akumwa, kupaka ku mawere kuti ayamwire kumodzi kapena kubayira.
Dothi la pachulu limakhala ndi mcherewu choncho ngati sangakwanitse wogulawo akhoza kukakumba ndi kumaika m’khola koma akumbukire kuthira mankhwala opha nyongolotsi asadapatsire.
Nanga anawa amayenera kuletsedwa kuyamwa pakapita nthawi yaitali bwanji?
Amayenera kuletsedwa akakwanitsa sabata yachisanu kulekezera 8.
Nanga pali njira zingati zowetera nkhumba?
Njira zowetera nkhumba zilipo zitatu; pali yowetera m’nkhola ndi kumazipatsira chakudya momwemo, kuwetera panja ndi kumazipatsira chakudya choonjezera pa zimene zimatolatola ndi yophatikiza njira zonsezi kuti nthawi zina zizitulukako pena zizikhala m’khola. Pa zonsezi tikulimbikitsa njira yowetera m’nkhola kaamba ka chigodola cha nkhumba.
Nanga nkhumba zimadya zakudya zanji?
Nkhumba zimadya zakudya za mitundu yochuluka mwachitsanzo ku mudzi alimi amadyetsa zotsalira kukhitchini, madeya a chimanga kapena a mpunga, zotsalira pofulula mowa, makoko a chinangwa ndi zina zambiri.
Ngakhale izi zili chomwechi, nkhumba makamaka zachizungu zimachita bwino zikamadyetsedwa chakudya chakasakaniza chokhala ndi michere yonse yofunikira.
Chakudyachi chimapezeka m’sitolo ndipo chimakhala chosiyansiyana molingana ndi msinkhu wa nkhumba.
Alimi akhonza kuphunzira kapangidwe ka chakudyachi kwa alangizi a ziweto.
Kodi alimi angathane bwanji ndi matenda osakaza nkhumba a chigodola?
Choyambirira akumbukire kuti ndi chosachizika ndipo chilibe katemera.
Alimi akuyenera kuwetera m’khola nkhumba zawo ndipo kukhola kusamafike anthu koma yekhayo
Nthawi iliyonse akamapita ku khola azitsamba ndi kuvala zovalira kukhola zochapa bwino.
Munthuyo akuyenera apewe kugula kapena kudya kanyenya wa nkhumba.
Mlimi azigula zakudya za nkhumba kumalo kumene kulibe matendawa ndipo zakudya zotsalira kukitchini aziyamba waziwiritsa asadakapatsire nkhumba.
Chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri ndi kumangira khola la nkhumba mipanda iwiri kuti makolawo akhale otetezeka ku matendawo.
Alimi apewe ndi kupha nkhupakupa chifukwa zimafalitsa matendawa ndipo nkhumba zonse zimene zagwidwa ndi matendawa ziziphedwa ndi kukwiriridwa kuti zisafalitse.
