Zaka 30 zolimbana ndi umphawi zapita m’madzi

Bungwe loona za maphunziro, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe mumgwirizano wa maiko a dziko lapansi la UNESCO lati dziko la Malawi lalephera kutukula miyoyo ya anthu ovutika m’zaka 30 zomwe lakhala likuyesetsa kutero.

Zotsatira za kafukufuku yemwe bungweli lidapanga pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi ya zakafukufuku ya Centre for Social Research, zaonetsa kuti mmalo mosintha miyoyo ya anthu, mfundo zomwe boma lakhala likutsatira m’magawo atatu zangowonjezera mavuto a Amalawi.

“Zotsatira za kafukufuku yemwe adachitika, zaonetsa kuti mavuto omwe amayi, achinyamata, ana ang’onoang’ono ndi olumala amakumana nawo adaonjezereka chifukwa cha mfundo zomwe zimayenera kuchepetsa mavutowo,” lipoti la zotsatira za kafukufukuyo latero.

Malingana ndi lipotili, ndondomekozi zidayamba m’zaka za m’ma 1980 pomwe mabungwe a World Bank ndi International Monetary Fund (IMF) adayambitsa pologalamu yosintha zinthu ya Structural Adjustment Programme.

Itatha pologalamuyi, m’zaka za m’ma 1990, boma lidakhazikitsanso pologalamu yothetsa umphawi ya Poverty Alleviation Programme, kenaka Poverty Eradication Programme ndipo itatha iyi, kudabweranso pologalamu ya Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS).

Lipoti la bungwe la UNESCO lati chodandaulitsa n’chakuti mapologalamu onsewa adalephera kukwaniritsa zolinga zake koma mmalo mwake zidangoonjezera mavuto omwe zimafuna kuthetsawo.

Potsirapo ndemanga pa zomwe bungweli lanena, nduna ya zachuma Goodall Gondwe wati kutsutsa zotsatira za kafukufukuyu n’kulakwitsa koma chofunika ndi kuunika momwe muli zigweru zofunika kukonza kuti mavuto a umphawi ndi kusiyana pachuma pakati pa opeza ndi osauka kuchepe.

Gondwe adati boma lipanga zotheka kuti mavutowa azitha pang’onopang’ono mpaka idzafike nthawi yoti anthu onse ali pamtendere ndipo mavuto awo achepa.

Katswiri pa zachuma Henry Kachaje wati nkhani yotukula chuma ndi kuchepetsa mavuto omwe anthu amakumana nawo njofunika kugwirana manja pakati pa boma, makampani omwe si aboma ndi mabungwe.

Mkuluyu wati kuti chuma chikwere ndipo anthu apepukidwe, mpofunika kuyamba kutukula ntchito za malonda ndi kukonza kayendetsedwe ka chuma cha boma pokonza ndondomeko ya chuma yabwino ndi kuitsatira.

“Nkhani yothetsa mavuto si yapafupi koma njotheka bola patakhala ndondomeko yabwino ya chuma cha boma ndi njira zoyendetsera ndondomekoyo mwaluntha. China ndi kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa boma, makampani ndi mabungwe,” adatero Kachaje.

Aphungu a ku Nyumba ya Malamulo akuyembekezeka kuyamba mwei uno kuti akakambirane za ndondomeko ya chuma cha 2016/2017 ndipo Kachaje adati apa ndipo poyenera kuyambira popanga ndondomeko yoganizira za umphawi wa anthu.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku yemwe adachitikayu, mavuto monga kusiyana kwakukulu pa chuma pakati pa magulu a anthu osiyanasiyana, nyumba za boma zomwe sizidamangidwe moganizira anthu olumala ndi kusiyana mphamvu pakati pa amayi ndi abambo ndi ena mwa mavuto akuluakulu.

Lipoti la bungwe la Oxfam lomwe nyuzipepala ya The Nation ya pa 22 January, 2016, lidadzudzulanso mchitidwe wolowetsa ndale pa chuma cha dziko womwe lidati kukupangitsa kuti vuto la umphawi lizinkera mtsogolo.

Lipotilo lidati atsogoleri a ndale ndi amabizinesi akuluakulu amadzikundikira chuma pomwe anthu osauka akungosaukirabe.

Mkulu wa bungwe la Aid and Development Charity, John Makina, adati zomwe zili mulipotili zimaonekera poyera potengera nyumba ndi sitolo amakono zomwe zikumangidwa m’mizinda ikuluikulu ya Lilongwe, Blantyre ndi Mzuzu.

Iye adati pomwe m’mizindayi mukutukuka chonchi, m’madera akumidzi akunka nalowa pansi kusonyeza kuti ndalama zili m’manja mwa anthu ochepa pomwe ambiri akuvutika.

Mavuto ena ndi kuchepa kwa chisamaliro kwa anthu okalamba, ana amasiye ndi mabanja omwe amayang’aniridwa ndi amayi kapena ana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu opempha azichuluka, makamaka m’misewu ndi m’mizinda ya dziko lino.

“Manambala akusonyeza kuti magawo atatu a ndondomeko zomwe takhala tikutsatira sadaphule kanthu polimbana ndi kusiyana pakati pa anthu monga amuna, amayi, asungwana ndi ana achichepere,” likutero lipotilo.

Mkulu wa mgwirizano wa mabungwe a anthu olumala la Federation of Disability Organisations in Malawi (Fedoma), Amos Action, adati anthu olumala ndi amodzi mwa anthu omwe amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu monga kusalidwa.

Iye adati mfundo zina zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa n’zabwinobwino koma vuto limakhala potsatira mfundozo kuti zotsatira zofunikazo zikwaniritsidwe.